Languages
Languages are defined as forms of structured human communication in the form-factors of speech, writing, or gestures. The structure of languages includes grammar, vocabulary, and other factors.
Languages are usually organized according to their known language family. A language family is a collection of languages derived from a common ancestor. For example, English, Latin, and Greek are derived from the Indo-European family of languages. That is why they share common words. Unclassified languages are generally known as linguistic isolates; or languages that have no known ancestor. Examples of linguistic isolates include the Sumerian language and the Basque language.
Attested languages
Attested languages are languages that have documented written sources. This means that all attested languages have to utilize some system of writing, or script.
List of attested languages: Family › A–Z
Proto-languages
In contrast to attested languages, proto-languages are languages that are not documented in the written record; however, scholars believe in their existence because of findings in the field of comparative linguistics. Examples of proto-languages include Proto-Indo-European and Proto-Afro-Asiatic.
List of proto-languages: A–Z
Citation
PsychLing Contributors. "Languages." PsychLing, OMNIKA Foundation, 30 Jul. 2023, psylng.org/mli/languages. Accessed 2 May. 2024.
Bibliography
Eberhard, David M., Gary F. Simons, and Charles D. Fennig, eds. "Ethnologue: Languages of the World. 25th ed." Dallas, TX: SIL International, 2022. Accessed August 20, 2023. https://www.ethnologue.com. [Visit]
Hammarström, Harald, Robert Forkel, Martin Haspelmath, and Sebastian Bank. "Glottolog: A Database of Languages." Leipzig, Germany: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. Created 2011. Accessed July 28, 2023. https://glottolog.org. [Visit]
Key, Mary R., and Bernard Comrie, eds. "IDS: The Intercontinental Dictionary Series." Leipzig, Germany: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. Created 2013. Accessed August 28, 2023. https://ids.clld.org. [Visit]
OMNIKA Foundation Contributors. "Allo: A Modern Dictionary for Dead Ancient Languages." Las Vegas, NV: OMNIKA Foundation. Created March 15, 2019. Accessed July 28, 2023. https://ancientlanguages.org. [Visit]
OMNIKA Foundation Contributors. "OMNIKA: Digital Mythology Library." Las Vegas, NV: OMNIKA Foundation. Created January 21, 2019. Accessed July 28, 2023. https://omnika.org. [Visit]
SIL International Contributors. "ISO 639-3 Registration Authority: International Standard for Language Codes." Dallas, TX: SIL International. Accessed July 28, 2023. https://iso639-3.sil.org. [Visit]
SIL International Contributors. "ScriptSource: Index of Languages and Writing Systems." Dallas, TX: SIL International. Created June 11, 2011. Accessed July 28, 2023. https://scriptsource.org. [Visit]
PsychLing Glossary
Attested Language is a term in
PsychLing Glossary
Comparative Linguistics is a field of study that concerns the scientific study of comparing languages.
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Language is a term in
PsychLing Glossary
Language Family is a term in
PsychLing MLI
Proto-Afro-Asiatic is a proto-language that belongs to the Afro-Asiatic language family.
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Proto-Indo-European is a proto-language that belongs to the Indo-European language family.
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Proto-Language is a term in
PsychLing Glossary
Script is a term in